Psychosocial Development From The Health Promotion...

Psychosocial Development From The Health Promotion Strategies Through the Lifespan, describes the developmental stage for adolescents. In this age group adolescents are trying to distinguish between identity formations versus identity diffusion. My patient does appear to be at this stage, but she is on the opposite side of the spectrum, where she is presents actions that describe the identity diffusion. Identity diffusion is where the â€Å"adolescent fails to achieve a sense of identity.† Due to my patients traumatic past she is very self-conscious about her image, has low self-esteem, and a negative self-concept. Additionally, since she has had repeated stressors in her life such as physical, psychological abuse, death of a significant other, alcohol and drug abuse. Thus, she is less apt to form a stable identity. My patient is still trying to seek out who she is, but needs a stable role model in her life who she can look up to and guide her. (Murry, Zentner, Yakimo, pg.46 0-461, 2009) In my patients chart it does not describe a lot about her childhood until her mother passed away. At this time in her life she was eleven years of age. At this stage in her life she was in the stage of industry versus inferiority. Once her mother had her fatal heart attack she presents symptoms of inferiority. (Murry, Zentner, Yakimo, pg.420, 2009) Where she â€Å"feels inadequate, defeated, unable to learn or do tasks, and unable to compete, compromise, or cooperate.† My patient has expressed inShow MoreRelatedPersonal and Occupational Development Throughout the Lifespan2706 Words   |  11 PagesPersonal and Occupational Development throughout the Lifespan The following essay will use a lifespan perspective to discuss how major transitions can influence both occupational and personal development. Using occupation as a coping strategy during stressful transitions will also be explored. The narrative discussed was derived from an informal, semi-structured interview. Occupational development will explore how the meanings associated with occupations can change and how this can be reflectiveRead MoreHow Does A Parent Decide Their Caregiving Style1516 Words   |  7 Pagesheavy task through a child’s development. How does a parent decide their caregiving style? Of course it is not as simple as picking and choosing a preferred parenting style as it may depend on the child or the parent themselves. Many have researched the topic of parenting styles, but one psychologist s findings in particular have continued to build the groundwork of this topic. â€Å"[Diana] Baumrind found that parents differed in four important dimensions: 1. Expr essions of warmth... Strategies of disciplineRead MoreAdolescence: Developmental Psychology and Social Work Practice3506 Words   |  15 PagesModule Title: Human Growth and Behaviour. Assessment Title: What are the advantages and disadvantages of viewing behaviour through the life-span perspective for social practise? ADOLESCENCE The author’s aim is to outline the advantages as well as disadvantages in adolescence behaviour and human development processes across people life span, and particular adolescence. This essay will look at the different models, theories of social work and the factors that may have influence social work practiceRead MoreThe Rising Concern Within The Public Health Sector2104 Words   |  9 Pagesremains to be one of the most challenging and neglected health issues within society (Glenny et al. 1997). In 2008 the Australian Government spent $58 billion on direct healthcare and obesity related management, and this value continues to rise exponentially(Agency 2014). This profound impact on population health has made it a rising concern within the public health sector. With trends predicting that by 2025 80% of all Australians will suffer from obesity, leaving future generations to experience shorterRead MoreHealthy Choices5227 Words   |  21 PagesThe key to National Health Impro vement is more people making healthier choices more of the time. Discuss This essay aims to discuss making healthier choices in the socio-economic context of health. Health and public health will also be defined. Health has diverse meanings to various people; The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not only the absence of disease and infirmity. (WHO, 1948) However, this definition hasRead MoreThe following questions relates to the patient within the first 24 hours 1. Outline the causes,2500 Words   |  10 Pagesexperience neurological problems due to the connection between the brain and the liver function (Dirksen et al., 2011); these problems will have a major impact in his daily activity and the possibility of losing his job. Psychosocial problem related to loss of body image Psychosocial problem is an example of liver cirrhosis that Mr. Abdul is presently experiencing which is linked to malnutrition (Dudek, 2010). Currently he is having jaundiced sclera, bruises on both arms and legs, oedema on his ankleRead MoreEssay Psych Research3628 Words   |  15 Pagesfull-time child/pediatric psychologist specializing in behavioral intervention strategies who will be part of a Behavioral Health team comprised of seven providers. The primary responsibility of this position will be to deliver outpatient diagnostic and treatment services to the children and families served by Deaconess Clinic. While the bulk of the caseload consists of children ages 2-18 with a variety of child mental health problems (e.g. ADHD, Anxiety, adjustment problems), there is the opportunityRead MoreHealth and Social Care4535 Words   |  19 PagesPsychology for Health amp; Social Care Practice (Unit 15) BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) in Health amp; Social Care QCF Level 4 [A study of Psychology in Health amp; Social Care] By: Shah Shamima Begum To: Suzanne Lutchmun ID: LCC-20123434 Group A 1.1 Compare different psychological theories of lifespan dependent Answer to the question no 1.1 Developmental theories provide a set of guiding principles and concepts that describe and explain human development. Some developmentalRead MoreDescribe the Main Developmental Tasks and Milestones Associated with Each Stage in Human Development over the Lifespan. Then Choose One Phase Only of Human Development and Discuss the Developmental Needs of People in This Stage. Discuss Various Sp...2885 Words   |  12 PagesThe lifespan of a person is an awesome thing to behold. From birth completely dependent on others to later life where you care and look after your own children and grandchildren and watch them develop as your parents and grandparents watched you. From birth to death there are miraculous changes in each stage of development. Starting at the beginning is the newborn. The Newborn (birth to 1 month) and Infant (1month to 1 year) Developmental stages: • Eriksons trust versus mistrust (Kail CavanaughRead MoreNegative Physical And Mental Health Consequences Among Children And Adults ( Steele ) Essay2253 Words   |  10 Pagesand mental health consequences among children and adults (Steele Malchiodi, 2012). Studies of the last three decades on ACEs and traumatic stress have emphasized the impact and the importance of preventing and addressing trauma across all service systems utilizing universal systemic approaches (Oral et al., 2016). The short and long term outcomes of these childhood exposures include a multitude of health and social problems including heart disease, alcoholism, drug abuse, mental health diagnosis

Child Labour Should Not Be Protected Against Cruel Acts Or...

1. Children have the right to be protected against cruel acts or exploitation. They should not be obligated to work for any companies before the minimum age as it will affect their education, health and their physical, mental or ethical growth. 2. * Child labour continues to be a concern in this day and age but because of the efforts of labour groups, governments, companies and ordinary people, the number of companies employing child labour is decreasing. As consumers, people should talk to business involved in the production of goods and ask them what measures they take to ensure that the goods they produce are child labour free. Companies caught to be using child labour should face serious penalties and should go to court. Citizens†¦show more content†¦They will also live happier, healthier and will have higher chance of getting a job when they reach adulthood. Hence, if they get a job, they will be able to deal with financial issues for their family. Children who have education are more likely to become successful and end the cycle of poverty in their generation. 1. Every child has the right to recreational activities and free education. They have the right to go to school for free, to play and to have an equal chance to develop themselves and to learn to be responsible and useful. Parents have special responsibilities for their child’s education and guidance. 2. *Schools should teach children about the equality of the human race and racism should be prohibited. Children living in poverty have no access to education as they are more likely to work or care for family members. Therefore, education should be free, compulsory, well-resourced, relevant and nearby. The quality of teaching is poor in many developing countries. Even children who have completed primary school may have lack of basic skills in reading, writing and mathematics. Developed countries should send several educated teachers to those countries that are in need of good teachers. Meanwhile in developed countries, people who have access to education should appreciate and not complain. However, if they choose not to have education, they should give the good opportunity to those who really need it.

Nursing Case Study Healthcare Input Context

Question: 1. Identify the concepts of helping and caring in nursing practice across the lifespan. 2. Discuss the theory and practice of an effective therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. 3. Discuss the impact of cultural diversity on health and illness behaviour. 4. Identify the meaning of effective therapeutic communication in nursing including working. with people from diverse cultural backgrounds and age groups. 5. Explore the issues of cultural safety and cultural competence within nursing practice. 6. Plan for the promotion and maintenance of the health of individuals, families, groups and communities, with particular emphasis on the needs of vulnerable populations. Answer: Introduction Health care framework in Australia has incorporated a number of standards and policies for improving the living standards of people in Australia. However, a significant gap within the health care statistics and the provision of health care facilities has been observed in the Australian heath care system. It has been revealed from a number of previous literatures that the mortality and morbidity rate is significantly higher in Australian aboriginals compared to the non-indigenous people. The major contributory factors of the poor health outcomes of the Australian aboriginals include their lack of education and poor life style (Bailie, 2012). In addition, other studies also have highlighted the inaccessibility to the health care system. Other factors include socio-economic status, power of society leaders as well as discrimination and financial instability. To ensure their health and well-being, the health care sector must focus on keeping them in their ancestral habitat, where their w ell-being can be promoted. From a holistic perspective, health promotion needs all the aspect of life including physical, mental, emotional as well as the social wellbeing. As these people have their own tradition and culture, their wellbeing can be promoted in an environment, where they can live with satisfaction. In this essay, the focus would be the life struggle and health issues of the yolngu brothers named Warrack and Mandu. These two brothers belong to an aboriginal family living the northeastern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory. Warrack has been playing the role of a leader in their yolngu community and was trying to retain their traditions within their future generations. On the other hand, Mandu is a young man, who did not want to be in the community, as he felt boring and started to find things interesting in urban area, such as Melbourne. The essay will emphasize on their health and social issues and will discuss about the ways they can combat with these issues. Background The Yolngu are groups of 40-50 people, living in the Northeast Arnhem Land. Before the arrival of missionaries in 1942, Yolngu population lived a peaceful life in their ancestral habitat. According to the given scenario Yolngu people, in older days, people used to get no sickness at all, it is because, the aboriginal food is balanced (Calma, 2011). The young people did not live at one place all the time, rather they moved from place to place. At their habitat, the natural foods helped them to be fit and healthy. They have been taken away from their native habitat, put into the yard, and said to live in the yard. It has been revealed that, the indigenous people are 40 times more likely to experience and die due to diabetes, a disease that had no existence before the arrival of Europeans. Their freedom has been snatched from them, which is one of the main reasons behind their poor health outcomes. In the European community, the Yolngu people are not able to cope with the new rule of li ving(Cooper, 2011). To adapt in the new community, they need education and assistance to combat with the new situations, but, unfortunately, there is no one for their assistance. Their traditional systems, laws and governance has been undermined by the Europeans rules. Many indigenous Australians are the victims of human rights violation. Others experience systematic discrimination and social exclusion from political and economic power. There are several cases, where the aboriginal populations are dispossessed of their traditional habitats and forced to leave their survival resources. Their traditional languages are threatened with extinction; it is very common phenomenon that an aboriginal people are excluded from any social activity due to linguistic issues. They need respect; they need to explore their human rights like the other non-indigenous people (Burbank, 2011). The health issue of these aboriginal populations should be assessed with more concentration to reduce the health issue related gaps. The European laws and rules has been forced the Yolngu to practice with their perspectives. Yolngu has been ignored, neglected and rejected from political and social viewpoints. A 30 years in-depth research on the lowered health outcomes of the Yolngu people has revealed that, to reduce the negative health outcomes of the Australian aboriginal people, their native community must be given back the control of their own lives (O, 2009). The new policies and practices have not been consulted with the aboriginals, in many cases, they wanted to be involved, but they did not get involvement. Therefore, the nursing intervention for their positive health outcomes must involve them as the major part of their health related intervention. Education is one of the most important parts, which is needed for improving them way of living and to increase their coping ability in the new community. This long and difficult history has left its scars on this native population, which has a negative impact upon the community members economic, social and psychological life. These non-physiological factors are known as the social determinants of health (SDH). In addition to the above determinants, the indigenous health is also affected by the language and culture. The cultural safety and security is another major factor that affects the lifestyle of aboriginal people. The cultural safety and security helps to enhance cultural awareness within the community members (Mallett, 2011). In this essay is focused around two Yolngu brothers, who have grown up in their traditional and ethnic culture. They have four others siblings. The essay is mainly focused on the cultural discrimination and lack of cultural safety of the Yolngu population. The community has been forced to leave their native land and put them in place, where their minimum needs of living is not meeting. Therefore, through th e understanding of the trans-generational trauma, endured by the community, a community nurse can be aware of complex interactions, contributing to the social determinants of health. This understanding will help the nursing staff to implement a holistic and person-centered care approach in the community, while ensuring their cultural safety. Case study of Warrack and Mandu The case study represented the struggle of two Yolngu brothers, Warrack and Mandu. Warrack plays the role of leader in his community. He tries to retain the traditional and ethnic culture in the community. He believes in education, but he also attempts to distribute his traditional education and knowledge in his fellow generation to keep alive the native Yolngu tradition. Recently, the government officers have informed the community that much of the community has taken over for mining and they are no longer allowed for hunting, which was their primary activity of life. Some of the community people got some work in mining industry, but they got the habit of smoking and alcoholism from the industrial environment. These people encouraged other community workers in drug abuse. The result is lowered health outcomes of the community members (Markwick, 2015). The government has provided the opportunity to get medical assistance from the Aboriginal health service in Yirrkala once in a fortni ght, instead of their traditional doctor. Nursing intervention strategies As a nurse in Aboriginal health service in Yirrkala, my primary concern would be to identify their needs; it would be a holistic assessment, for identifying their psychological, physiological, emotional as well as social needs. The initial step would be to take initiative of giving their native habitat back to them because it would be beneficial for by reducing the negative health outcomes of the Yolngu people (Priest, 2012). Establishing a therapeutic relationship with the community is the initial step to address the causes and impact of ill health in the Yolngu community. Establishing a therapeutic relationship with individual community members would help to build a trust on the western therapeutic procedures. For this, communicating with them with respect and dignity is very important. The yolngu people are deprived of their rights, as a human being. Thus, the initial step would be to ensure that they are respected, their feelings, perception and culture is valued. Research has shown that the aboriginals were not consulted about any western policies made for them (Priest, 2012). Thus, consultation with them about their needs, their conflicts and their complex needs can help to improve the quality of therapeutic relationship. The nurses have to communicate with them in their way, by involving in their lifestyle, thereby showing respect to Yolngu culture. In this case, the elders can be consulted first, who can then transfer the message to the rest of the community. For this, interpreter services can be taken. This service helps to reduce linguistic barrier. However, it will be effective, when a nurse have linguistic competency and without taking the help from an interpreter a therapeutic relationship is established. It enhances the trust and cooperatively of the relationship, as well as enhances the chance of interventions success. The establishment of therapeutic relationship with the aboriginals will help to enhance trust on the western treatment, which in turn help them to improve their health outcomes and lifestyle. Conducting a survey is the next step in the intervention plan. It would include close and individual consultation and survey about their problems, their actual needs and the causes behind their poor health status. Interacting individually with the community members would enhance trust; help them to forget about the negligence they have experienced (Reutter, 2010). It would also help nurses to be familiar with the community people and understand their like, dislikes, beliefs and values based on which the intervention plans can be made. Conducting a survey within the aboriginal community will help the nurses to assess the health and other issues experienced by the community; these will have a positive impact upon the aboriginal community by perfectly identifying their health issues and undertaking appropriate medical intervention to resolve these issues. Health promotion is another way to address the health needs and impact of poor health on aboriginals life. They are disadvantaged people; this community does not have much awareness about their social determinant of health. Through health promotions in these people, can make them aware of the facts that contribute into their poor health. As a result, they would be more cooperative with the health care team in developing their care plans for improving the health status (Greenwood, 2012). In this health promotion, the elders in Yolngu community can play a vital role in dispersing awareness within the community. It can reduce the rate of smoking and other drug abuse. Health promotion would include a wide range of positive impact upon the poor health status of the aboriginal community. It is because, through health promotions, the members of the community would be aware of aspects, which can improve their health outcomes, for example, they would be aware of the negative impact of alcohol and tobacco smoking. As a result, the young people would attempt to quit alcohol consumption or smoking. Linking the traditional therapy with the modern nursing interventions is one of the ways to encourage Yolngu people for participating in the western health care system. The Yolngu people are culturally responsive in nature. They believe in their traditional medication, thus involving the traditional therapy with the western health care pattern would improve their satisfaction, which is a major factor that improves the signs of depression, anxiety and the overall mental status (Browne, 2012). An overall mental and emotional well-being would enhance the success rate of the nursing interventions. However, the main success factor of aboriginals improved health is to prioritizing their needs, rights and visualizing the world from their perspective, in spite instructing them about how to live, like white people. It would also have a positive impact upon the physical as well as emotional well being of the Yolngu community. It has been revealed that Yolngu people has a faith on their traditi onal medicines, thus linking their traditional medicines with the modern treatments would help to enhance their adherence with the therapeutic procedures, thereby enhancing their positive health outcomes. Elders in Yolngu Elders have a major role in reducing the rate of ill health in the Yolngu. Here, in the case scenario, the elder word is referred to the people of certain age group, who have enough traditional knowledge about the cultural and ethnicity of a community. In case of Warrack and Mandus case study, the elder people refers to the people like Warrack, who have grown up into the native community habitat and fresh environment, without disturbance of the white people, i.e. Europeans. These elderly people have a major role in the enhancing health related awareness within the young Yolngu generation. One common trait in the aboriginal elders is a deep spirituality, which promotes each aspect of their lives and teaching. They struggle to represent their tradition by living based on their in-depth ingrained principles, values, norms and teaching. However, elders are not defined by their age; rather they are characterized by their earned respect in the community through their harmony, wisdom and ba lance of their actions in their teachings (Jamieson, 2012). Though the role of elders differs from community to community, they follow common principle of safeguarding the community and play the role of leaders. The Yolngu elders are committed to share their earned traditional knowledge, guidance and to teach others about respecting the natural world and their native ethnicity. In yolngu community of the case study, Warrack is an elder, who is being respected in his community as an important, traditional and initiated elder as well as leader. His education started with traditional passed on clan, cultural and environmental knowledge from his elders. With his wife, Warrack teach some traditional knowledge to their kids, when they are not in the school. Thus, he beliefs in nourishing the traditional knowledge, while adopting new and essential educational elements from current culture. Thus, he has all the characteristics necessary for being an Elder. Role of elders in health intervention In the health care initiative, one of the major factors would be to return their ethnic and traditional identity. For this, the people who has been practiced smoking and others abusive behaviors, when they came across the Europeans in the mining industry; should be redirected towards their ethnic and healthy life (Aspin, 2012). The elderly can help to promote their ethnic culture in the community through a health promotion. With the help of their traditional and ethnic knowledge, the elder people might be able to control the young generation to cease smoking and alcohol abuse. In addition, the elder people play the role of leaders, who has better understanding and can protect the community from the external influences. The nursing staffs or health care team can explore the aboriginal world by viewing of health and wellness and can assess the contemporary and emerging trends in the health issues for aboriginal communities through the interaction with the Yolngu leaders and community representatives like Warrck. These people can help the nursing staffs to identify the overall needs of the community, with individual specific requirements. The elders can help the nursing staffs to be aware of their traditional features, which could be included in the nursing interventions for providing them an essence of their traditions in the current nursing interventions and other practices for their health and well-beings (Wilson, 2012). Elders can also assist the community members to understand the nursing interventions and being aware of the facts related to ill health contributors. Therefore, the elder people may act as the bridge between the urban nursing staffs and the community members to promote the communit y health. It will help the nurse to build a trustworthy therapeutic relationship with the yolngu community. In addition, elder people can contact to their traditional doctors and insist for working with the urban nursing staff. It will have a great positive impact upon their mental health. As the holistic care approaches are based on the overall health of the care users, the mental and emotional satisfaction is essential for improved health outcomes (Britt, 2013). A combined therapeutic approach of the modern health care and their traditional health care approach can enhance their mental and emotional satisfaction, thereby improving their health outcomes. In the aboriginal documentary film, our generation, it has been shown that there is a huge difference between the health care facilities, obtained by the remote and urban community people (Saban, 2010). In this context, the people living in remote settings face inaccessibility to the health care facilities. There are several significant differences within an urban and a remote setting of health care facilities. Difference between urban and rural settings The social determinant of health has a great impact upon the overall health of outcomes of a community. These determinants are dependent on the social, economic, physical and cultural environment of the habitat. Environmental In case of remote or rural settings people likely to have a good health, as they are nourished by the nature, rather than obtaining nourishment from the technical world like in the urban settings (Aspin, 2012). In spite of the fact, it has been seen that people living in more area has suffered more than the urban population in terms of health aids. Social There are several reasons, for example, in case of Warrack and Mandus case study, it has been seen that the mining industry offered some Yolngu men to work there; however, from there Yognlu people brought cigarettes, alcohol and other stuffs back to their community, which affecting the health of the entire community negatively. Economic Another major difference is the accessibility of the health care facilities. It has been seen that the communities like Yolngu community, does not get opportunity for higher education, which is very important for getting suitable jobs. Due to lack of educational qualifications, these rural residents are not getting skilled jobs. Their unemployment is the major reason behind their financial instability (Ford, 2012). The poor economic condition promotes their malnourishment, which in turn contributes into their poor health outcomes and mortality rate. Their financial background, dont let them access the urban health care facilities (Aspin, 2012). Physical In the case of Warrack and Mandus case study, it has been revealed that, government provided health care services by the community doctors and nurses, who visit them once in a fortnight. However, these people are not able to go to the urban hospital or urban health care facilities, due to the expense of going to the urban areas and experience the urban facilities. Thus, due to lack of treatment, the mortality and morbidity rate increases along with increased illness throughout the community. According to Bourke et al. (2012), more community services and health care facilities should be present in the rural community, for providing them continuous health care assistance. It can reduce the negative impact on health and rate of mortality and morbidity. Cultural In an urban area, the community members are educationally developed as compared to the rural community; it becomes easy for the health care staffs to implement medical procedures easily with users support. In rural community, their cultural responsiveness is lower towards the modern medical care than the urban population. Reason behind Aboriginals disadvantaged life in town Aboriginal people are disadvantaged in several ways, while living in town. Their situation can be demonstrated with the example of Warracks brother Mandu and the aboriginals documentary film Our generation. In the documentary, it has been shown that Yolngu community has been forced to live in an open yard, and their native land has been taken over by the Australian government (Saban, 2010). They are getting sicker day by day due to lack of their natural habitat, natural food and traditional medications (Wilson, 2012). They were trying to adopt the urban culture, but no assistance was provided them to adapt the new environment. It has been seen that, deprived of their natural resources of life, they are getting sicker day by day. Yolngu people are freely living community, who hunts from their native land and eats natural foods (Jorm, 2012). However, while living in town, it has been seen that, they are deprived of hunting and natural food, rather, they are brought to Yirrkala shop, wh ere they have to eat processed food, therefore, their diet has been changed and this has a significant impact upon their poor health. Cultural issues The cultural components are also there, contributing to their poor health. According to Warracks case, his children are getting urban education in school, but they have no free time to sit beside their parents and gather traditional knowledge. Warrack and other elders are afraid of the fact that, if this kind of situation carries on, their cultural and traditional knowledge would not be carried to their future generation. So both husband and wife start giving traditional knowledge which they do not get in school. In this case scenario, Mandu, who is the younger brother of Warrack, was bored to his life in community and wanted to experience urban lifestyle, thus he came to Melbourne. Initially, he got a job in national park and his life was going well. However, the cultural discrimination and biasness interrupted their normal life, he was accused for stealing money and other things from his workplace. Racial conflict highlighted Mandus position in urban society. Economic issues After leaving the first job, Mandu failed to find other job due to his low educational and academic qualification. Losing his job, Mandu was not financially stable to pay for his accommodation. Therefore, Mandus example clearly highlights the impact Aboriginals low education on their lifestyle (Browne, 2012). As he had no experience for skilled job, it was tough for Mandu to live in the city. Lack of cultural competency made him more vulnerable towards poor health. He was stressed for his future; as his English was not good, unskilled jobs were also not available for him in Melbourne. He even did not have enough money to buy a ticket for Yirrikala. Mandu is now living with a koorie family, by sharing a room with 4 teenage kids. In the documentary our generation, it has been shown that government has promised them to give their own houses, but now, 20-30 people are lives in a house, in an unhealthy environment (Saban, 2010). Medical research has shown that this overcrowded house enhan ces the chance of infection (Bleich, 2012). Economic issues The communities people are still waiting for their own house, build by government. The urban society has snatched their freedom, enhancing the rate of depression in the community people. Economically, the community has no stability or financial support. They are neither enough skilled to get a job in urban areas, nor they are getting financial support to help themselves (Flicker, 2012). In Warracks community, the community nurses and doctors come once in a fortnight. It might be due to the lack of funding from Australian government support regarding medical support to the aboriginal community. It shows lack of health assessment, leading to poor health status. Unemployment is one of the major social and economical reasons behind their poor health status of aboriginals. Their educational qualifications were not suitable to get a job in urban society. Thus, their poor economic status promoted their poor health status. Aboriginal people were not able to bare the expense of getting treatm ent from urban hospitals; on the other hand, the community health facilities lack modern tools of healthcare, thereby lowering their health outcomes. In addition, their traditional medication is also not available, which might help them to improve their health status. Like Mandu, the aboriginals are being discriminated in professional and political world, they are neglected by the government and other social powers. The social issue is poverty. Lack of employment, financial support and native habitat, poverty became the main issue in their lives. Due to poor diet and lack of natural food, malnourishment promoted their ill health. Other social issues include cigarette smoking, drug addiction and alcoholism. Even, it has also been reported that the rate of child sexual abuse is high in the aboriginal society than non-aboriginals (Adams, 2012). It is one of the major causes behind the poor mental health and increased rate of depression and cognitive impairment in the aboriginal society. In case of Mandu, the social discrimination has been observed significantly. When Mandu was severely ill, he became vulnerable for living in the city. He was taken to a place, where he got no respect and faced wired behavior. The result of these kinds of action was de pression and loss of cooperative behavior and communication skills (Bleich, 2012). This scenario highlights how the aboriginals, who wants to adapt the norms and lifestyle of western society are being dominated and disadvantaged, pulling them behind in spite of assisting them to go forward. In conclusion, it can be said that the aboriginal Australians are the vulnerable and ignored community in Australia, who are not getting their basic human rights, which is the main reason behind their ill health. In order to restore their health status, the nursing interventions should rely on prioritizing their social and economic needs. Therefore, it has been revealed that, there is a strong link between the aboriginals social, economic and physical health status. Homelands are the fundamental component of their lives, but the government does not understand their demand, which is negatively affecting their lives. Government attempted to improve the aboriginals health by urbanizing them into small towns after taking them out from their native ancestral homeland. It is highly disrespectful for governments to tell people that how they will live their lives. In this essay, the scenario of Warrack and Mandus community has highlighted their struggle, negligence and poor health outcomes f rom the view of social and economic conflict. Government has taken several steps for improving their health status, but their needs are not being prioritized. They are being neglected day by day; their promises were not met, which contributed to major health issues like depression. Reference List Adams, K., Burns, C., Liebzeit, A., Ryschka, J., Thorpe, S., Browne, J. (2012). Use of participatory research and photoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ voice to support urban Aboriginal healthy eating. Health social care in the community, 20(5), 497-505. Aspin, C., Brown, N., Jowsey, T., Yen, L., Leeder, S. (2012). Strategic approaches to enhanced health service delivery for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with chronic illness: a qualitative study. BMC health services research, 12(1), 1. Bailie, R. S., Stevens, M. McDonald E.L. (2012). The impact of housing improvement and socio-environmental factors on common childhood illnesses : a cohort study in Indigenous Australian communities. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, 66(9), 821 - 831. Bleich, S. N., Jarlenski, M. P., Bell, C. N., LaVeist, T. A. (2012). Health inequalities: trends, progress, and policy. Annual review of public health, 33, 7. Britt, H., Miller, G. C., Henderson, J., Bayram, C., Valenti, L., Harrison, C., ... O'Halloran, J. (2013). General Practice Activity in Australia 2012-13: BEACH: Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (No. 33). Sydney University Press. Browne, A. J., Varcoe, C. M., Wong, S. T., Smye, V. L., Lavoie, J., Littlejohn, D., ... Fridkin, A. (2012). Closing the health equity gap: evidence-based strategies for primary health care organizations. International Journal for Equity in Health, 11(1), 1. Burbank, V. K. (2011). An ethnography of stress: the social determinants of health in Aboriginal Australia. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Calma, T. G., M. (2011). The social and cultural determinants of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and the human rightsbased approach of the close the gap campaign for Indigenous health equality. Determining the future: a fair go and health for all( In Laverty, M. Callaghan, L). Cooper, D. (2011). Closing the gap in cultural understanding: social determinants of health in Indigenous policy in Australia. Aboriginal Medical Services Alliance of the Northern Territory, Darwin. Flicker, S., Worthington, C. A. (2012). Public health research involving aboriginal peoples: research ethics board stakeholders' reflections on ethics principles and research processes. Canadian Journal of Public Health/Revue Canadienne de Sante'e Publique, 19-22. Ford, J. D. (2012). Indigenous health and climate change. American journal of public health, 1260-1266. Greenwood, M. L., de Leeuw, S. N. (2012). Social determinants of health and the future well-being of Aboriginal children in Canada. Paediatrics child health, 17(7), 381. Jamieson, L. M., Paradies, Y. C., Eades, S., Chong, A., Maple-Brown, L., Morris, P., ... Brown, A. (2012). Ten principles relevant to health research among Indigenous Australian populations. Medical Journal of Australia, 197(1), 16. Jorm, A. F., Bourchier, S. J., Cvetkovski, S., Stewart, G. (2012). Mental health of Indigenous Australians: a review of findings from community surveys. Med J Aust, 196(2), 118-121. Mallett, S., Bentley, R., Baker, E., Mason, K., Keys, D., Kolar, V. Krnjacki, L. (2011). Precarious housing and health inequities: what are the links? Department of Health. Melbourne, Victoria. Markwick, A., Ansari, Z., Sullivan M., McNeil, J. (2015). Social determinants and psychological distress among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults in the Australia state of Victoria: a cross-sectional population based study. Social Science Medicine, 128, 178-187. O, J. M. J. K. (2009). The spectrum of new racism and discrimination in hospital contexts. Collegian, 16(2), 63-69. Priest, N., Mackean, T., Davis, E., Waters, E. Briggs, L. (2012). Strengths and challenges for Koori kids: Harder for Koori kids, Koori kids doing well - exploring Aboriginal perspectives on social determinants of Aboriginal child health and wellbeing. Reutter, L. K., K.E. (2010). (2010). 'Health equity through action on the social determinants of health: taking up the challenge in nursing. Nursing Inquiry, 17(3), 269-280. Saban, S. C., D. (2010). Our generation [Video]. www.ourgeneration.org.au IMDb. Wilson, K., Cardwell, N. (2012). ., 56(1), 98-116. (2012). Urban Aboriginal health: Examining inequalities between Aboriginal and nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Aboriginal populations in Canada. The Canadian Geographer/Le Gographe Canadien, 56(1), 98-116.

Symbolism in the Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrob and Where the Wild Things Are free essay sample

By definition, food is any material that an organism eats or drinks that allows it to preserve life and grow; culturally, it also serves as a classical conditioning positive and negative supporter. Discipline is something that can occur in various different forms. It may be most commonly gained through rewards, punishments, currency, positive negative reinforcements, and manipulation. The primary purpose of food in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Where the Wild Things Are is to discipline the characters in the stories. In the short story, Where the Wild Things Are, food is used to discipline Max directly for a constructive purpose; he is not being persuaded to listen to or fulfill anyone’s wishes in particular. Max’s discipline is more freedom based as he changes throughout the story not for anyone else but rather for himself. In this story, food is used as both a reward and punishment. In the beginning of the story, food is used as a punishment as his mother sends him to bed without food when he misbehaves. Food situates itself as positive support for guiding good behavior and as a negative re-enforcer when he misbehaves to decrease the likelihood of his undesirable behavior of being wild. This is shown in the story when the author writes, â€Å"The night Max wore his wolf suit and made mischief of one kind and another, his mother called him â€Å"WILD THING! † and Max said, â€Å"I’LL EAT YOU UP! † so he was sent to bed without eating anything. † (CITATION). As Max was misbehaving, his mother punished him by not giving him food. As food is something that is a craving and a necessary tool to maintain life, not getting food effects and punishes Max. Food is used to be a punishment through the mother’s action of sending Max to his room without supper as a result to acting wild. On the other hand, food also serves as a reward at the end of the book when Max decides to let go of his bad behavior and returns home; he finds a hot supper awaiting his return. Max makes the decision to leave and go back home despite the attempts of the â€Å"Wild Things† trying to convince him to stay; he does not listen and instead â€Å"waved good-bye and sailed back over a year and in and out of weeks and through a day and into the night of his very own room where he found his supper waiting for him and it was still hot. † (CITATION). This rewarding use of food disciplines Max into learning that if he does the right thing such as letting go of his bad behavior, he will be rewarded. This would teach any child that doing the right thing is always good and somehow rewarding at the end. Food can be used as a reward or punishment for any individual but in the end, both ways discipline the person to act a specific way. Furthermore, in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, the food is used to form discipline by the Queen to get the subject to adhere to her wishes. The discipline the food serves is through the use of â€Å"currency†. As we all know, money can have both a negative and positive effect on people. It can lead to gaining objects that makes an individual happy but at the same time can lead to greed for more of it which creates suffering as that burning greed is often gone unfulfilled. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe portrays this well because the witch uses her power to grant the boy, Edmund, she meets with his favourite food, Turkish Delight. This is clearly stated in the book when the Queen says, ‘What would you like best to eat? ’ ‘Turkish Delight, please, your Majesty,’ said Edmund. The Queen let another drop fall from her bottle on to the snow, and instantly there appeared a round box, tied with green silk ribbon, which, when opened, turned out to contain several pounds of the best Turkish Delight. (CITATION). The Queen in this case uses food as the currency to satisfy the temporary desire the boy has for Turkish Delight. Soon after he is given the food, the author has clearly illustrated how it also led to greed and desire for more of it as Edmund wanted more and more of it. On page (page number), as we look into the thoughts of Edmund it says, â€Å"At last the Turkish Delight was all finished and Edmund was looking very hard at the empty box and wishing that she would ask him whether he would like some more. † (CITATION). This shows how the currency of food has now disciplined Edmund to have more of a desire and greed for the food which later on is also what causes Edmund to listen to everything the Queen says that he is able to complete the desire he has inside of himself. Moreover, food also showed discipline in the story through the use of manipulation. The Queen manipulated Edmund so that he trusts her and answers all the questions she asks him truthfully. The author conveys this message when he writes, While he was eating the Queen kept asking him questions She got him to tell her that he had one brother and two sisters, and that one of his sisters had already been in Narnia and had met a Faun there, and that no one except himself and his brother and his sisters knew anything about Narnia. (CITATION). Clearly, the Queen successfully manipulates him into telling her all the knowledge that she requires to know. She used the food to materialistically gain Edmund as she caught his immediate attention and time. The manipulation relates to discipline as the Queen persuaded Edmund to behave a certain way which was truthfully answering all the questions she needed to know. In conclusion, discipline is conveyed in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe through the use of two main materials; currency and manipulation. Lastly, in both, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Where the Wild Things Are, a common symbolism of food and also a way of discipline that is used is positive and negative reinforcements. When Edmund first saw the Queen in The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, he was frightened and scared by her due to her being a complete stranger to him; this acted as a negative re-enforcer for Edmund as it caused him to decrease the behavior of associating with the queen. But later on in the story, the Queen manipulates Edmund by treating him to a food he loves, Turkish Delight and using the food she is giving him as a positive reinforcement in order to get him to become more comfortable with him and answer all the questions she needs to ask him truthfully. After the Queen gives Edmund something to drink and to eat, it says in the book about how he had become comfortable with the Queen. Edmund states in his mind, â€Å"Each piece was sweet and light to the very centre and Edmund had never tasted anything more delicious. He was quite warm now, and very comfortable. † (CITATION). This shows how the food the Queen gave Edmund acted as a clear positive reinforcement as it allowed him to become more comfortable with her. Also, not only did the food given to Edmund let him be comfortable with the Queen, but it also caused the fright he first had of her to come off. This is clearly shown in the story when the author writes, â€Å"‘Why can’t we go to your house now? ’ said Edmund. When he had first got on to the sledge he had been afraid that she might drive away with him to some unknown place from which he would not be able to get back; but he had forgotten about that fear now. † (CITATION). Clearly, Edmund’s behavior and feelings towards the Queen has dramatically changed as he now sees her as a completely different person who is very nice with just the reinforcement shown through the food in the story. Although he reinforcement just described is positive and beneficial to the Queen, it is actually not beneficial to Edmund himself as the Queen is an evil individual which is why the food is not only a positive reinforcement but a negative one as well since it leads to Edmund â€Å"supporting† evil indirectly since he follows and listens to the Queen. The positive and negative reinforcement of food here has disciplined Edmund to both be more comfortable and not be afraid of the queen, plus indirection support evil. Moving on, in Where the Wild Things Are, positive reinforcement is also shown by the food because it teaches Max to let go of his bad behavior and go onto a better and more beneficial pathway. This was mainly proved in the story at the end when he smelled the food which caused him to stop being the king of â€Å"Where the Wild Things Are† and instead, be more of a good behaving child by listening to his mom as well as staying in reality more which led him to come back into his room where he found his reward of food, as discussed earlier. This is proved in the story when it says, â€Å"Then all around from far away across the world he smelled good things to eat so he gave up king of where the wild things are and sailed back over a year into the night of his very own room where he found his supper waiting for him and it was still hot† (CITATION). Clearly, the positive reinforcement of the food disciplined Max to come back home and not misbehave as he did come back after smelling the food. It is clear that both stories have used positive and negative reinforcements that allowed the discipline to take place in both stories. The discipline that took place in both stories, was through the use of symbolism of the food which had many phases to it. Each culture has a somewhat different way of disciplining a child and some use food. Throughout this essay, it is clearly evident that in both stories, the symbolism of the food significantly contributed to the discipline and change that occurred throughout the story in the characters. Food and discipline obviously cannot only be described by the basic definition they are given, they must be looked into with further detail and with an open mind so that an individual is able to see the various phases both can take on.

6 traits of great managers

6 traits of great managers Want to be boss at being a boss? It’s not as simple as just being a good listener and making sure everyone shows up on time. Truly great managers attract the best workers. If you’re good at being in charge, you  hold onto star employees and advance their careers right along with yours. Managing is not an easy skill, but it is possible to build. Even if you think you’re pretty great already, take a look at these tips and see whether you can improve in any particular area. Your employees will thank you, and so will your boss.1. Have your employees’ backs.Bad bosses throw their employees under the bus. Don’t be that boss. When your team exists within a bubble of trust and has faith in its leader, all the members will want to work together to meet professional goals. Show off your employees’ successes and provide cover for them when you need to. When you build an environment of respect, your job will be so much easier.2. Be generous with your t ime.Even if you see the people who report to you directly all the time in the hall or during casual drop-ins, it’s still important to devote some of your weekly schedule to one-on-one meetings with your team. Even just 15-30 minutes of dedicated check-in time per person lets your employees know you’re there to address concerns and check in on their progress.3. Give productive feedback.Giving feedback is important, but go out of your way to make sure you give great feedback. Don’t just tell someone they did a â€Å"great job,† tell them why what they did was so great. If you receive work that’s sub-par, speak up- don’t just hope things improve the next time. Constructive criticism along the way for the small stuff helps employees reach their professional goals. When your employees know you’re invested in them doing well, they’ll step up their game for every task.4. Empower employees to reach for the stars.Push your team to do st ellar work (and letting them know you think they’re capable of it)- don’t let them settle for merely okay. Not only will this lead to results you and your team can flaunt, but it also will instill confidence that makes employees want to go above and beyond all the time. Expect top notch work, and people will adjust to meet your expectations.5. Build trust.Having a genuine relationship with your employees is a great thing. You definitely don’t have to be too casual and buddy-buddy- your style can remain strictly professional and still be built on trust. Create a rapport so people feel they can come to you with problems and mistakes- or great ideas! Don’t wall yourself off in some boss turret and forget to build relationships with the people you’re tasked to lead.6. Stay humble.Remember, even if you’ve climbed high up on the ladder you’re still paying your dues. You’re still learning too- about your industry and about the art of managing people. Don’t just sit back on your laurels. Figure out how your team can help you learn and build your career, and then help them in return.

Theory Of Evolution Essays - Evolutionary Biology, Charles Darwin

Theory Of Evolution Essays - Evolutionary Biology, Charles Darwin Theory of Evolution TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ............................................... 2 DARWINIAN THEORY OF EVOLUTION .............................. 4 THE THEORY OF BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION: CONTRIBUTING ELEMENTS ....................... 7 WALLACE'S CONTRIBUTIONS ................................... 13 HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE .................................. 15 COMPARISON: LAMARCK vs. DARWIN ........................... 16 DARWIN'S INFLUENCES ....................................... 20 METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC DEDUCTION ........................... 23 LIMITS TO DARWIN'S THEORY ................................. 25 MORPHOLOGICAL & BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS ....................... 27 BIO-EVOLUTION: POPULATION vs. INDIVIDUALS ................ 29 MECHANISMS FOR GENETIC VARIATION .......................... 31 GENETIC VARIATION AND SPECIATION .......................... 35 DARWIN'S FINCHES .......................................... 37 SPECIATION vs. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION ....................... 39 CONCEPT OF ADAPTATION ..................................... 41 PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM .................................... 43 VALUE/LIMITATIONS: THE THEORY OF BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION .... 45 ALTERNATE EXPLANATIONS OF BEING ........................... 47 CONCLUSIONS ............................................... 48 INTRODUCTION Theories explaining biological evolution have been bandied about since the ancient Greeks, but it was not until the Enlightment of the 18th century that widespread acceptance and development of this theory emerged. In the mid 19th century english naturalist Charles Darwin - who has been called the "father of evolution" - conceived of the most comprehensive findings about organic evolution ever . Today many of his principles still entail modern interpretation of evolution. I've assessed and interpreted the basis of Darwin's theories on evolution, incorporating a number of other factors concerning evolutionary theory in the process. Criticism of Darwin's conclusions abounds somewhat more than has been paid tribute to, however Darwin's findings marked a revolution of thought and social upheaval unprecedented in Western consciousness challenging not only the scientific community, but the prominent religious institution as well. Another revolution in science of a lesser nature was also spawned by Darwin, namely the remarkable simplicity with which his major work The Origin of the Species was written - straightforward English, anyone capable of a logical argument could follow it - also unprecedented in the scientific community (compare this to Isaac Newton's horribly complex work taking the scientific community years to interpret ). Evolutionary and revolutionary in more than one sense of each word. Every theory mentioned in the following reading, in fact falls back to Darwinism. DARWINIAN THEORY OF BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION Modern conception of species and the idea of organic evolution had been part of Western consciousness since the mid-17th century (a la John Ray) , but wide- range acceptance of this idea, beyond the bounds of the scientific community, did not arise until Darwin published his findings in 1958 . Darwin first developed his theory of biological evolution in 1938, following his five-year circumglobal voyage in the southern tropics (as a naturalist) on the H.M.S. Beagle, and perusal of one Thomas Malthus' An Essay on the Principle of Population which proposed that environmental factors, such as famine and disease limited human population growth . This had direct bearing on Darwin's theory of natural selection, furnishing him with an enhanced conceptualization of the "survival of the fittest" - the competition among individuals of the same species for limited resources - the "missing piece" to his puzzle . For fear of contradicting his father's beliefs, Darwin did not publish his findings until he was virtually forced after Alfred Wa! llace sent him a short paper almost identical to his own extensive works on the theory of evolution. The two men presented a joint paper to the Linnaean Society in 1958 - Darwin published a much larger work ("a mere abstract of my material") Origin of the Species a year later, a source of undue controversy and opposition (from pious Christians) , but remarkable development for evolutionary theory. Their findings basically stated that populations of organisms and individuals of a species were varied: some individuals were more capable of obtaining mates, food and other means of sustenance, consequently producing more offspring than less capable individuals. Their offspring would retain some of these characteristics, hence a disproportionate representation of successive individuals in future generations. Therefore future generations would tend have those characteristics of more accommodating individuals . This is the basis of Darwin's theory of natural selection: those individuals incapable of adapting to change are eliminated in future generations, "selected against". Darwin observed that animals tended to produce more offspring than were necessary to replace themselves, leading to the logical conclusion that eventually the earth would no longer be able to support an expanding population. As a result of increasing population however, war, famine and pestilence al! so increase proportionately, generally maintaining comparatively stable population . Twelve years

Wellness project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Wellness project - Essay Example First, the physical dimension refers to the physiological state of the body system, ensuring that a person is free from illnesses and maintains physical activity through exercise and healthy diet. If a person is physically healthy, he can function well in the society and make significant contribution to the community. As such, being involved in one’s community also entails responsibility with the surrounding environment. Environmental dimension of health means that a person is able to take responsibility over his environment through protection and conservation of nature. Doing one’s part for environmental conservation also means involving one’s self in the community. As such, a person who builds good relationship with the people in the community shows a healthy social dimension (Corbin et. al., 2008). In a way, building relationships in one’s community is related to emotional dimension because person is capable of recognizing his and other people’s personal feelings. Aside from this, emotional dimension includes the ability handle stress and copes with life’s challenges. While emotional dimension deals with feeling, mental dimension of health deals with cognition or thought. A person is in good mental health if he does not suffer from anxiety and depression. Lastly, if one able to establish inner peace and find deeper purpose in life, it means that the individual is in good spiritual health. Spiritual dimension refers to one’s inner values and realization that we exist for a reason and that each of us has a higher purpose in life. It is only when an individual is able to develop his spiritual dimension, along with other five health dimensions, that we can say one